Gung 궁 — Korean last name
Is Gung a Korean last name?
Yes. Gung (Hangul: 궁, Hanja: 弓) is a Korean family name recorded in the 2015 South Korean census with 572 holders, making it the #128 most common of the 191 surnames counted. Roughly one in every 86,898 South Koreans is a Gung. It is one of the rarest surnames in Korea — fewer than a thousand people carry it.
How to write Gung in Korean
In Hangul, Gung is written 궁. The same Hangul syllable is used by 2 different Hanja (Chinese characters): 弓, 宮. Each character is technically a separate surname with its own clans and ancestry, even though they sound identical and are romanized the same way. The most common by far is 弓.
What does Gung mean?
The character 弓 means bow (weapon); palace. As with most Korean surnames, the meaning comes from the Chinese character rather than from the Korean sound, so it says something about how the name was first written down (often a place, a virtue, an object or a Chinese dynasty) rather than describing the family. Koreans rarely think about the literal meaning of a surname in daily life, but it matters for genealogy and for choosing given names that pair well with it.
How common is Gung?
Gung is ultra-rare Korean surname. Just above it in the rankings is Pung (651) and just below it is Yeop (571). For comparison, Kim, the most common surname, has 10,689,967 holders. All figures come from Statistics Korea's 2015 Population and Housing Census, which only counts surnames held by five or more people.
Spellings and romanization
Gung is the spelling most Korean families use on passports and in English. The official Revised Romanization (used by the South Korean government since 2000) is Gung, and the older McCune–Reischauer system gives Kung. Other spellings you will see in real life include Koong, Goong, Koung. The variety exists because Korean passport rules let each family choose its own romanization, so spellings drifted over generations of emigration; in Korean, every one of these is the same 궁.
How to pronounce Gung
Gung (궁) is pronounced roughly as the Revised Romanization "Gung" reads, with even stress on each syllable — Korean does not stress one syllable over another the way English does. Vowels are pure and short: "eo" is the "u" in "sun", "eu" is a tight "oo" with unrounded lips, and "ae" rhymes with "day".
Related Korean surnames
Frequently asked questions about Gung
Is Gung a Korean or Chinese last name?
Gung as spelled is Korean (궁). The Hanja 弓 is also used as a surname in China and Vietnam, but with different romanizations. The families are not related.
How many people have the last name Gung?
572 people in South Korea had the surname Gung (궁) in the 2015 census, or under 0.01% of the population. That makes it the #128 most common Korean surname.
How do you write Gung in Korean?
Gung is written 궁 in Hangul. In Hanja it is 弓 or 宮, which are separate lineages sharing one pronunciation.
What does the Korean last name Gung mean?
The Hanja 弓 means "bow (weapon); palace". Korean surname meanings come from the Chinese character the name is written with, not from the Korean sound.
Is Gung a rare Korean last name?
Yes. With 572 holders it ranks #128 of 191 — well outside the common surnames. See our list of rare Korean last names for others like it.
Source: Statistics Korea (KOSIS), 2015 Population and Housing Census, surnames by Hangul with five or more holders (total population 49,705,663). Hanja meanings from standard Hanja dictionaries. Check another surname.